Summary for West Indian Ocean and Southern Africa

Synopsis: La Niña is favoured to develop (~70% chance) during the Southern Hemisphere spring 2016 and slightly favoured to persist (~55% chance) during summer 2016-17.

ENSO-Neutral conditions were observed during September, with negative sea surface temperatures (SSTs) anomalies expanding across the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean by early October. All of the Niño regions cooled considerably during late September and early October, with the latest weekly value of Niño-3.4 index at -0.9°C. Subsurface temperature anomalies also decreased toward the end of the month, reflecting the strengthening of below-average temperatures at depth in the east-central

equatorial Pacific. Atmospheric anomalies across the equatorial Pacific edged toward La Niña during September, with a stronger tendency toward La Niña late in the month. The traditional Southern Oscillation index and the equatorial Southern Oscillation index were positive. The lower-level winds were near average across most of the basin during the month, but enhanced easterlies were becoming more persistent west of the International Date Line. Upper-level winds were anomalously westerly near and just east of the International Date Line. Convection was weakly suppressed over the central tropical Pacific and was more enhanced over Indonesia compared to last month. Overall, the combined ocean and atmosphere system reflects ENSO-Neutral during September, but are more clearly trending toward La Niña conditions.

The multi-model averages favour borderline Neutral-La Niña conditions (3-month average Niño-3.4 index less than or equal to -0.5°C) persisting during the Southern Hemisphere spring and continuing into the summer. Because of the recent cooling in the Niño-3.4 region and signs of renewed atmospheric coupling, the forecaster consensus now favours the formation of a weak La Niña in the near term, becoming less confident that La Niña will persist through the summer. In summary, La Niña is favoured to develop (~70% chance) during the Southern Hemisphere spring 2016 and slightly favoured to persist (~55%% chance) during summer 2016-17.

January Temperature

Tanzania through DR Congo across to the Republic of Congo should be slightly to moderately cooler than normal with Namibia, Botswana, most of Zimbabwe and the rest of Southern Africa should be moderately to extremely warmer than normal. The Seychelles and Mauritius should be warmer than normal and Madagascar also warmer than normal.

January Precipitation

From Lusaka north into the Congo should be slightly to moderately wetter than normal along with Madagascar and Mauritius and the Seychelles. Much of the southern part of region should be slightly wetter than normal with Angola through the coastal zone to Gabon moderately wetter than normal.

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